Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy volume 8, Article number: 239 (2023)
Aging is characterized by systemic chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by cellular senescence, immunosenescence, organ dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Given the multidimensional complexity of aging, there is an urgent need for systematic organization of inflammaging through dimensionality reduction. Factors secreted by senescent cells, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), promote chronic inflammation and can induce senescence in normal cells. At the same time, chronic inflammation accelerates the senescence of immune cells, resulting in weakened immune function and an inability to clear senescent cells and inflammatory factors, creating a vicious cycle of inflammation and senescence. Persistently elevated inflammation levels in organs such as the bone marrow, liver, and lungs cannot be eliminated in time, leading to organ damage and aging-related diseases. Therefore, inflammation has been recognized as an endogenous factor in aging, and the elimination of inflammation could be a potential strategy for anti-aging. This discussion focuses on inflammaging at the molecular, cellular, organ, and disease levels, and reviews current aging models, the implications of cutting-edge single cell technologies, as well as anti-aging strategies. Since preventing and alleviating aging-related diseases and improving the overall quality of life are the ultimate goals of aging research, this review highlights the critical features and potential mechanisms of inflammation and aging, along with the latest developments and future directions in aging research, providing a theoretical foundation for novel and practical anti-aging strategies.
衰老特徵為全身性慢性發炎，伴隨細胞衰老、免疫衰老、器官功能障礙和與年齡相關的疾病。鑑於衰老的多維複雜性，迫切需要通過降維來系統組織慢性發炎現象。老化細胞分泌的因子，稱為老化相關分泌型表型（SASP），促進慢性發炎，並能誘發正常細胞衰老。與此同時，慢性發炎加速免疫細胞的衰老，導致免疫功能減弱，無法清除老化細胞和炎性因子，形成了慢性發炎和衰老的惡性循環。器官如骨髓、肝臟和肺部的持續升高的發炎水平無法及時消除，導致器官損傷和與衰老相關的疾病。因此，發炎已被識別為衰老的內生因素，消除發炎可能是一種抗衰老的潛在策略。在這裡，我們討論了分子、細胞、器官和疾病層面的慢性發炎，並回顧了目前的老化模型、前沿的單細胞技術的含義，以及抗衰老策略。由於預防和緩解與老化相關的疾病，以及提高整體生活質量是老化研究的最終目標，我們的回顧突顯了發炎和老化的關鍵特徵和潛在機制，以及老化研究中的最新發展和未來方向，為新型且實用的抗衰老策略提供了理論基礎。
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